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Barium Springs sits in northern Iredell County, an area shaped by its natural resources, rural settlement, and evolving institutional influences. Before European arrival, the land was traversed by Indigenous tribes who used the springs and surrounding forest for hunting, gathering, and seasonal migration. In the early 19th century, European settlers began establishing farms in the rolling hills near natural springs, attracted by fertile soils, water sources, and relative proximity to growing Piedmont towns.

The community took its name from the mineral springs in the area—"barium" referring to the chemical element often found in mineral-laden water sources. In the mid-1800s, health tourism and spa culture rose in popularity, and communities near springs often attracted visitors seeking restorative waters. Though Barium Springs never became a large spa destination, the name reflected the natural appeal of the springs and their local reputation. The community grew slowly, with small farms and rural homesteads defining early settlement patterns.

As the 19th and early 20th centuries progressed, farm production, timber harvesting, and local trades supported Barium Springs. Roads improved gradually, connecting the area with larger centers like Statesville. Small schools and churches anchored rural life, fostering community cohesion across scattered farms. The establishment of regional transportation lines in neighboring corridors helped open markets to local farmers.

Community identity in Barium Springs has long centered on private land, faith, and continuity. Generations of families have farmed the same land, while churches and rural schools served as gathering points. Though lacking large factories or major institutions, the region maintained a steady, modest pace of growth, with residents valuing privacy, natural landscapes, and quiet living.

In modern times, Barium Springs benefits from its location between Statesville and Mooresville, offering rural living with access to urban amenities. Some land is being converted to residential subdivisions, though much of the community remains forested and agricultural. The springs and surrounding land remain part of the local identity, and efforts to protect water quality and rural character are priorities for residents. Barium Springs responds to change with balance—welcoming modest growth while preserving its heritage and calm rural setting.