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The history of Houston, Georgia, is deeply tied to the early settlement of Houston County, which was created in 1821 following the cession of Creek Indian lands. The county was named after John Houstoun, a prominent political leader and governor of Georgia during the Revolutionary era, though the pronunciation was eventually shortened to "Howston." The area that makes up Houston today began as fertile farmland where early settlers established homesteads, cultivated cotton, and relied on small trading posts for commerce.

During the 19th century, Houston and its surrounding areas were dominated by agriculture, with cotton as the primary cash crop. Plantations dotted the landscape, and enslaved labor contributed heavily to the agricultural economy before the Civil War. Following emancipation, the region adapted by diversifying farming practices, incorporating crops such as corn and peanuts, and eventually expanding into livestock and poultry production. Agriculture continued to provide the backbone of Houston's economy well into the 20th century, even as surrounding towns like Perry and Warner Robins began to expand industrially.

Infrastructure improvements played a key role in Houston's evolution. The development of roadways through Houston County, including Georgia State Route 127 and proximity to U.S. Highway 41, gave the community greater access to larger markets and neighboring towns. The eventual construction of Interstate 75 through the county further opened Houston to commerce, commuting, and suburban development, linking it to Macon, Atlanta, and other regional hubs. These transportation routes helped integrate Houston into the broader economic life of Middle Georgia.

Houston has long maintained a rural, small-community character within a county increasingly shaped by military and industrial development. The establishment of Robins Air Force Base in Warner Robins in the 1940s brought rapid growth to the region, with many service members and civilian workers settling in nearby towns. However, Houston itself remained more residential and agricultural in feel, known for its quiet pace, strong family networks, and close ties to surrounding communities. Local schools, churches, and civic groups have continued to anchor community identity.

In modern times, Houston offers a balance of rural charm and suburban accessibility. While Warner Robins and Perry have grown into bustling cities, Houston remains a quieter alternative, appealing to families seeking open spaces and a slower lifestyle. Residents benefit from proximity to employment centers, shopping, and entertainment in Warner Robins, while enjoying the peace of a more rural setting. With a strong reputation for community spirit and convenient location within Houston County, Houston, GA, continues to attract both longtime residents and new families looking for a welcoming place to call home.