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Lumberton's origins are closely tied to the economic and geographic development of Robeson County. Before European settlers arrived, the area was inhabited by Indigenous peoples, including the ancestors of the Lumbee Tribe, who relied on the Lumber River and surrounding wetlands for sustenance and travel. The region's abundant forests and fertile river valleys made it ideal for agriculture, hunting, and settlement. Robeson County itself was formed in 1787 from Bladen County, and the area that became Lumberton remained largely rural, dominated by small farms and dispersed homesteads.

The town of Lumberton was formally incorporated in 1870 and quickly became the county seat due to its central location and access to the Lumber River. Its name reflects the importance of the timber industry, which was central to the local economy in the 19th century. Lumber, turpentine, and naval stores fueled early industrial activity, while agriculture—particularly tobacco and cotton—sustained the majority of residents. As a commercial hub, Lumberton attracted merchants, craftsmen, and professionals who supported the growing population and the county's administrative needs.

Transportation infrastructure helped shape Lumberton's expansion. The arrival of the railroad in the late 19th century connected the town to larger markets in Wilmington, Raleigh, and beyond, enabling both agricultural and industrial growth. Roads were improved to facilitate regional trade, and bridges over the Lumber River enhanced accessibility. By the mid-20th century, the development of highways and improved public transit strengthened Lumberton's position as a central economic and social hub for Robeson County, linking smaller towns and rural communities to the county seat.

Lumberton's community character has long reflected its status as a regional center. The town's population is diverse, including Lumbee, African American, and European American residents, contributing to a rich cultural tapestry. Churches, schools, civic organizations, and cultural institutions form the backbone of community life. Local festivals, agricultural fairs, and sports events highlight Lumberton's social cohesion and active civic engagement. Throughout its history, the town has balanced economic development with the preservation of family networks and cultural traditions, maintaining a strong sense of identity and continuity.

Today, Lumberton is a vibrant county seat offering a blend of residential neighborhoods, commercial districts, and civic amenities. The city provides schools, healthcare facilities, parks, and recreational opportunities, supporting a high quality of life for residents. Proximity to major highways facilitates commuting and access to regional employment centers, while the town's historic downtown and cultural offerings preserve its unique character. Lumberton's combination of history, infrastructure, and livability continues to make it a central hub for Robeson County and an appealing place to live and invest in property.