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Pembroke holds a unique and nationally significant place in the history of Robeson County and North Carolina due to its deep connection to the Lumbee Tribe. Long before European settlement, Indigenous peoples occupied the region's riverbanks, forests, and wetlands, establishing permanent communities supported by farming, hunting, and fishing. These early inhabitants are the ancestors of today's Lumbee people, whose cultural presence continues to shape Pembroke's identity. Robeson County was established in 1787, and the area that would later become Pembroke developed as a center of Native American settlement, distinct from neighboring communities in southeastern North Carolina.

Originally known as Scuffletown, the settlement emerged in the early 19th century as a predominantly Native American community. The name Pembroke was adopted in 1885, reflecting a growing sense of permanence and civic organization. Agriculture formed the backbone of the local economy, with residents cultivating corn, tobacco, cotton, and vegetables on small family farms. Unlike plantation-based systems elsewhere in the South, Pembroke's economy was largely based on independent landownership, reinforcing community self-sufficiency and cultural continuity.

Economic development in Pembroke expanded alongside educational and institutional growth. The establishment of the Croatan Normal School in 1887 marked a defining moment in the town's history. Founded to educate Native American teachers, the institution evolved into what is now the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. The university became the town's primary economic driver, attracting students, faculty, and staff while fostering professional services, housing development, and small businesses. This educational foundation distinguished Pembroke from other towns in Robeson County and anchored long-term economic stability.

Infrastructure improvements further supported Pembroke's development throughout the 20th century. Road networks connecting Pembroke to Lumberton, Maxton, and Red Springs enhanced accessibility and encouraged regional interaction. While rail lines served nearby towns, Pembroke relied more heavily on highways and local roads for transportation and commerce. Public utilities, including water systems, electricity, and telecommunications, modernized the town and supported population growth associated with the expanding university. These infrastructure investments strengthened Pembroke's role as an educational and cultural center.

Pembroke's community character is defined by its strong cultural identity, educational focus, and civic engagement. The town remains a hub for Lumbee cultural life, hosting events, ceremonies, and celebrations that honor Indigenous heritage. Churches, schools, and community organizations play central roles in social life, while the university contributes arts, athletics, and public programs that benefit residents and visitors alike. Demographically, Pembroke reflects the diversity of Robeson County, but its Native American heritage remains a defining feature that shapes local traditions and values.

Today, Pembroke offers a distinctive residential environment centered on education, culture, and community pride. The town provides affordable housing, established neighborhoods, and amenities supported by the presence of the university. Residents enjoy access to parks, cultural venues, and local businesses, while nearby Lumberton offers additional healthcare and retail options. Pembroke's reputation as a cultural and educational center, combined with its strong sense of identity and accessibility, continues to attract homeowners, students, and professionals seeking a meaningful and connected lifestyle within Robeson County.