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Rowland's history is deeply connected to the natural landscape and transportation corridors of southern Robeson County. Before European settlement, Indigenous peoples inhabited the area, including ancestors of the Lumbee Tribe, who utilized nearby rivers, swamps, and forested land for agriculture and trade. These early communities established pathways that later influenced colonial settlement patterns. Robeson County was formed in 1787 from Bladen County, and the land surrounding present-day Rowland developed gradually as farming families established homesteads along fertile lowlands and accessible travel routes.

The town of Rowland emerged in the late 19th century during a period of rapid railroad expansion across southeastern North Carolina. Originally known as Barnesville, the community was renamed Rowland after a local railroad official, reflecting the decisive role rail service played in the town's growth. The arrival of the railroad transformed the area into a shipping point for agricultural goods such as tobacco, cotton, corn, and lumber. Warehouses, depots, and small businesses clustered around the rail line, establishing Rowland as a modest but important commercial center for surrounding rural communities.

Agriculture remained the foundation of Rowland's economy well into the 20th century. Local farms supplied raw materials for regional markets, while timber harvesting and related industries contributed additional economic activity. The railroad enabled efficient movement of goods, reinforcing the town's role in the agricultural supply chain. Although Rowland did not experience large-scale industrialization, its steady economic base supported population stability and the development of essential services, including retail stores, banking, and professional offices.

Infrastructure improvements influenced Rowland's long-term development and connectivity. While the railroad initially drove growth, the expansion of road networks and highways increased regional accessibility as automobile travel became dominant. Roads connecting Rowland to Lumberton, Fairmont, and Saint Pauls facilitated commuting and commerce. Public utilities such as electricity, water systems, and telecommunications modernized the town, supporting residential neighborhoods and small businesses. These improvements allowed Rowland to adapt to changing economic conditions while preserving its small-town character.

Community life in Rowland has long been shaped by close social ties, cultural diversity, and shared institutions. The town reflects the broader demographic composition of Robeson County, with Lumbee, African American, and European American residents contributing to its social fabric. Churches, schools, and civic organizations have served as anchors of community life, hosting events that fostered social cohesion and local pride. Family connections and generational continuity remain central to Rowland's identity.

Today, Rowland offers a quiet residential environment defined by affordability, accessibility, and community stability. Residents benefit from proximity to Lumberton for employment, healthcare, and retail services, while enjoying a slower pace of life within the town itself. Established neighborhoods, local businesses, and nearby transportation routes support daily living without sacrificing small-town atmosphere. Rowland's blend of historical roots, cultural continuity, and practical livability continues to make it an appealing place to own property and establish long-term residence within Robeson County.