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Smithfield, the county seat of Johnston County, holds one of the longest and richest histories in eastern North Carolina. The land along the Neuse River was originally home to Native American tribes, particularly the Tuscarora, who utilized the river and fertile floodplains for travel, trade, and agriculture. European settlers began arriving in the 18th century, establishing farms and small settlements along the Neuse. Johnston County was officially formed in 1746, and by 1777 the town of Smithfield was established as the county seat. The town was named for John Smith, a prominent local landowner, and quickly grew around its central courthouse, becoming an important center of government and commerce for the region.

Agriculture played a foundational role in Smithfield's development throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Tobacco, cotton, corn, and other staple crops sustained the early economy, while the Neuse River facilitated transportation of goods. As the county's administrative center, Smithfield attracted merchants, craftsmen, and government officials who contributed to a thriving local marketplace. By the late 1800s, the arrival of the railroad brought significant economic growth, connecting Smithfield to larger markets in Raleigh, Goldsboro, and beyond. Tobacco warehouses, cotton gins, and small manufacturing operations became essential parts of the town's economy, helping Smithfield flourish during the post-Civil War era and into the early 20th century.

Improvements in transportation and infrastructure over time further transformed Smithfield into a regional hub. U.S. Highway 301 and later Interstate 95 established the town as a major stop along the East Coast transportation corridor, attracting travelers, businesses, and new residents. Smithfield's location near I-95 made it an ideal site for hotels, restaurants, and retail establishments supporting interstate commerce. The development of major roadways such as US-70 and NC-210 strengthened connections to nearby communities like Clayton, Selma, and Raleigh, stimulating suburban growth and commercial expansion. Infrastructure upgrades, utilities, and public services continued to support the town's steady development.

Smithfield's community character reflects its blend of historic tradition and evolving demographics. The town is known for its preserved downtown district, historic courthouse, and long-standing neighborhoods that highlight its role as a historic county seat. Cultural institutions such as the Ava Gardner Museum celebrate the town's connection to one of Hollywood's most iconic actresses, who was born and raised in Johnston County. Local festivals, parks, and community events reinforce Smithfield's identity as a welcoming, family-oriented community. Over the decades, the population has diversified, and new industries have added to its economic base, including health care, retail, manufacturing, and distribution.

Today, Smithfield continues to thrive as a dynamic blend of historic charm and modern convenience. Its proximity to the rapidly growing Triangle region enhances its appeal, offering residents a balance between small-town life and access to major metropolitan amenities. The town is home to the bustling Carolina Premium Outlets, recreational spaces along the Neuse River, and a steadily expanding residential market. Smithfield's strategic location along I-95 and US-70 positions it for continued economic growth, while ongoing revitalization efforts support local businesses and community development. With its rich heritage, vibrant culture, and strong sense of place, Smithfield remains one of Johnston County's most distinctive and inviting communities.