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Southport occupies a distinctive location near the mouth of the Cape Fear River, where one of North Carolina's most important waterways reaches the Atlantic Ocean. Indigenous peoples lived throughout the lower Cape Fear region long before European colonization, relying on its rivers, estuaries, forests, and abundant coastal resources. European settlement brought new communities and maritime activity to the region during the colonial era. The settlement that became Southport was originally known as Smithville, named for Benjamin Smith, a prominent North Carolina political figure and landowner. It was incorporated in the late eighteenth century and later renamed Southport in 1887 as local leaders hoped to emphasize its potential as a southern port.

Maritime commerce shaped Southport from its earliest years. Its position near the mouth of the Cape Fear gave the community a close relationship with shipping, fishing, river pilots, and the vessels traveling between Wilmington and the Atlantic. For generations, experienced pilots based around Southport helped guide ships through the challenging waters near the river entrance. Fishing and seafood also became important parts of the local economy and culture. Although Wilmington ultimately developed as the Cape Fear region's dominant commercial port, Southport retained a strong maritime identity that remains visible in the community today.

Transportation and coastal infrastructure changed Southport's role over time. Roads connected the town more efficiently with the rest of Brunswick County, while improvements throughout the Cape Fear region increased access to Wilmington and neighboring coastal communities. North Carolina Highway 211 became an important route linking Southport with inland Brunswick County. Ferry service across the Cape Fear River also created an important connection between Southport and Fort Fisher, offering access toward Carolina Beach and Wilmington while reinforcing the town's relationship with the water.

Southport's historic streets, waterfront setting, and architecture became increasingly important to its identity during the twentieth century. Residential streets shaded by mature trees, historic homes, churches, and waterfront structures helped create a distinctive coastal character. The North Carolina Fourth of July Festival became one of the community's signature traditions, drawing visitors for celebrations associated with Independence Day. Southport's picturesque appearance has also made it a recognizable setting for film and television productions, further contributing to its reputation beyond southeastern North Carolina.

Tourism and residential development grew as the Brunswick County coast became increasingly popular with retirees, vacationers, and second-home owners. Nearby Oak Island, Bald Head Island, and other coastal destinations increased the area's recreational appeal, while Southport itself developed a thriving collection of restaurants, shops, galleries, marinas, and visitor-oriented businesses. At the same time, historic preservation has remained important to maintaining the architectural and cultural qualities that distinguish the city from newer coastal developments.

Today, Southport is valued for its combination of maritime history, waterfront scenery, historic architecture, and relaxed coastal lifestyle. Residents have convenient access to boating, fishing, beaches, restaurants, parks, and the Cape Fear River while remaining connected to Wilmington and the rest of Brunswick County. Its housing includes historic residences, established neighborhoods, waterfront properties, condominiums, and newer construction in the surrounding area. Southport's enduring relationship with the Cape Fear River and its carefully preserved coastal character continue to make it one of southeastern North Carolina's most distinctive residential communities.