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Summerville, the county seat of Chattooga County, has roots that stretch back to Georgia's early settlement period. Before settlers arrived, the Cherokee people lived throughout the region, cultivating land and trading along river routes. Following the Cherokee removal in the 1830s, the land was opened to settlers, and Summerville was founded in 1839 as the county seat when Chattooga County was created from portions of surrounding counties. Its name reflected the area's mild climate and reputation as a pleasant summer retreat.

The economy of Summerville quickly grew around agriculture and trade. Cotton became the dominant crop in the 19th century, supported by local mills and merchants who provided services to surrounding farms. The introduction of textile industries in nearby towns, such as Trion, also provided employment for residents. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Summerville benefited from its location as a central trading hub within the county, where farmers brought goods and conducted business.

Infrastructure developments further shaped Summerville's growth. The arrival of railroads connected the city to regional markets, while highways such as U.S. Route 27 provided modern transportation links in the 20th century. These connections helped Summerville retain its role as a county hub, ensuring accessibility for trade, travel, and industry. The city also benefitted from improvements in public utilities and education systems that supported long-term growth.

The character of Summerville is defined by its civic institutions and community spirit. The historic courthouse and downtown square symbolize the city's long-standing role as an administrative and cultural center. Churches, schools, and civic organizations have provided structure and unity for generations of residents. Events such as festivals and parades showcase the pride and traditions of the community, while historic preservation efforts maintain Summerville's unique identity.

Today, Summerville is a small city that blends history with modern convenience. Its downtown features historic architecture alongside local businesses and services. Residents enjoy access to nearby recreational areas, including state parks and natural attractions in northwest Georgia. With its blend of small-town atmosphere and proximity to larger cities like Rome and Chattanooga, Summerville remains a welcoming place to live and work, rooted in tradition yet open to growth.