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Union Mills, North Carolina, is an unincorporated community in Rutherford County with a history rooted in agriculture, milling, and early settlement of the Piedmont region. Prior to European settlement, the area was inhabited by Cherokee and other Indigenous peoples, who utilized the region's rivers, valleys, and forests for hunting, farming, and trade. The fertile land along the Broad River and surrounding creeks made Union Mills an ideal site for early settlers seeking arable land and water power for mills.

European-American settlement in Union Mills began in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Settlers of Scotch-Irish and German descent established farms, homesteads, and small mills to grind grain and saw lumber. The presence of water-powered mills was significant, as they became the center of local economic activity and gave the community its name. Agriculture and milling remained the foundation of the economy for decades, supporting families and supplying surrounding markets with essential goods.

As Rutherford County developed, Union Mills benefited from its location near major roads and neighboring towns such as Forest City and Rutherfordton. Local roads connected farms and mills to larger trade centers, enabling residents to sell agricultural products and access services. Although Union Mills did not host rail lines directly, its proximity to rail-connected towns allowed goods to reach broader markets, sustaining economic activity and encouraging modest population growth.

Community life in Union Mills has traditionally revolved around family, faith, and education. Churches and schools were central to the community, providing social structure and opportunities for civic engagement. Residents maintained strong connections through shared labor, agricultural cycles, and local events. The tight-knit nature of Union Mills fostered a sense of identity and mutual support that continues to be valued today.

In the modern era, Union Mills is recognized for its peaceful rural setting, residential appeal, and proximity to larger towns in Rutherford County. Homes range from historic farmhouses to contemporary properties on spacious lots, attracting families and retirees seeking a quiet lifestyle. Residents enjoy access to outdoor recreation along rivers, forests, and trails while remaining within reach of shopping, schools, and amenities in Forest City and Rutherfordton. With its combination of history, natural beauty, and community cohesion, Union Mills remains a welcoming and desirable place to live in western North Carolina.